ANALYSIS AND DESIGN REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION STRUCTURE OF 4 FLOOR HOTEL IN KUNINGAN

Planning for a 4-storey hotel in Kuningan is projected to support supporting facilities for the tourism sector in Kuningan Regency, supporting facilities like this are really needed by Kuningan Regency which has great potential in the tourism sector and is proven by the continuing increase in the number of tourists every year, with the development of Kuningan Regency and the increasingly widespread the construction of multi-storey buildings is needed planning in order to make efficient use of land. To support the availability of tourism support facilities, this research will examine the planning of hotel building structures based on SNI 2847-2019, SNI 1727-2020 and SNI 1726-2019 and calculate the budget plan for the structural work. Referring to these rules, the dimensions of the structural elements and the need for structural reinforcement can be produced that meet the rules and can also support the work force and loads received on a building including earthquake loads, wind loads and rain loads. The cost of building a 4-storey hotel building in this study is Rp. 26,712,400,000.00 (Twenty Six Billion Seven Hundred Twelve Million Four Hundred Thousand Rupiah), and the cost of building a one square meter building is Rp. 4,345,716.00 (Four million three hundred forty-five million seven hundred and sixteen thousand rupiah).


INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is a country that has natural beauty and cultural diversity in each region, this is what can be used to improve the tourism sector, the tourism sector plays an important role in regional income and also state income. Kuningan Regency is one of the areas considered to have tourism potential with mountainous geographical conditions with various natural beauties and natural springs. With the excellent tourism potential of Kuningan Regency, it can encourage more and more tourists to come, this can be seen from the existing data that the recapitulation of tourist visits to Kuningan Regency from 2016 to 2019 always increases every year. However, since WHO announced the Covid-19 pandemic on March 11 2020, the economic and development pace in Kuningan Regency has slowed down so that the development of tourism supporting infrastructure has experienced a similar impact.

Table 2. Number of Hotels in Kuningan Regency
It can be seen that the comparison between the number of tourists who come and the number of hotels in Kuningan Regency, the number of tourists who come every year has increased while the number of hotels has not experienced a significant increase, and has even decreased in 2020 and 2021. It is feared that the decline in the number of hotels could lead to a decrease in the number of tourists coming to Kuningan Regency, due to inadequate infrastructure. This will also reduce regional income because the rotation of the tourism economy in Kuningan has a great impact on regional treasury income because Kuningan Regency is a tourism area not an industrial area where the regional income is greatly supported by economic turnover in the tourism sector.
Starting from these problems, a study on the structural planning of new buildings that are designated as hotels in the Kuningan area can be designed. To build a high-rise building requires careful planning. In planning a high-rise building, there are references or standards listed in the construction SNI. Since since 2020 there has been no construction of high-rise buildings specifically for hotels. This can be a factor in the development of this research because since 2019 BSN has published the latest SNI for reinforced concrete requirements for buildings and earthquake load planning, and in 2020 BSN has also issued SNI regarding minimum loads for building structures.
By bringing up the problem of the need for hotel buildings and also the latest SNI issued at a time when there was a lack of construction of high-rise buildings for hotels, a study was sparked that raised the theme of hotel building structure planning with reference to SNI -2847 -2019 concerning requirements for the construction of building structures using concrete materials reinforced concrete, and also SNI -1726 -2019 regarding earthquake resistant building planning, as well as SNI 1727 -2020 regarding the minimum loading required for buildings..

LITERATURE REVIEW
High-rise buildings are buildings that have more than one floor vertically. This multi-storey building was built based on the limitations of expensive land in urban areas and the high level of demand for space for various activities [1]. The more the number of floors built will increase the efficiency of urban land so that the capacity of a city can be increased, but on the other hand it also requires an increasingly complex level of planning and design, which must involve various disciplines in certain fields. High-rise buildings are generally divided into two, low-rise buildings and high-rise buildings. This division is distinguished based on the technical requirements of the building structure. Buildings with a height of more than 40 meters are classified as high-rise buildings because the structural calculations are more complex even though they are not multi-storey. Based on the number of floors, high-rise buildings are classified into low-rise buildings (2 -4 floors) and multi-storey buildings (5 -floors) and skyscrapers. This division is not only based on the structural system but also other system requirements that must be met in the building, such as considerations of accessibility, mechanical, or electrical.
In [2] said that the characteristics of high-rise buildings are grouped into: 1. Low-rise building (Low Rise Building) Low-rise building, with the number of floors 1 -3 floors, height < 10m 2. Medium-rise building (Medium Rise Building) Medium-rise building, with the number of floors 3 -6 floors, height < 20 m 3. High-rise building (High Rise Building) High-rise building, with the number of floors > 6 floors, height > 20 m In planning the building structure of this hotel building project, reinforced concrete structures will be used. The guide used in planning reinforced concrete building structures is SNI 2847-2019. The reinforcement system in concrete structures is very important because it anticipates the weakness of concrete against tensile stress. Concrete structures for beams require steel reinforcement on the tensile side to anticipate its weakness to tensile stress, but in general the beam cross section has steel reinforcement on both sides [3]. The beam also needs stirrup reinforcement to withstand shear forces. High-rise buildings must have structural elements (such as slabs, beams, columns, stairs, etc.) with sufficient cross-sectional dimensions and reinforcement so that the building is strong, comfortable and economical [4]. A strong structure means that the stress that occurs at each cross section does not exceed the strength of the material of the structure. Safe structure means that under all loading conditions, the structure does not collapse. The comfortable structure means that the deformation of the structure does not make the wearer feel uncomfortable wearing it. Therefore, the open frame concrete frame structure is designed using the concept of strong column weak beam, so that the column is designed to be stronger than the beam which is intended so that plastic hinges occur in the beam. Building structure planning generally consists of two main parts, namely sub structure planning and upper structure planning. The structure of this building consists of several structural elements that can be grouped into 2 groups.

Primary Structure
In planning the structure of the building used columns and beams as the primary elements of the structure. The beam is a structure that functions to carry the load received by the slab and transmit it to the column which is axially loaded by the beam and transfers the load to the foundation and soil.

Secondary Structure
The secondary structure as an integral part of the building structure is designed to accept only bending forces and is not designed to accept lateral forces due to earthquakes, so that the analysis calculations are calculated separately from the primary structure. Secondary structures include beams, stairs, floor slabs.

METHODOLOGY
The research method in the preparation of this thesis uses qualitative methods. Qualitative method is a method carried out by surveying and direct observation of the object of research.

Research Object
The building to be planned is a reinforced concrete portal structure in a college building which consists of 4 floors with a height of 16 meters and a length of 36 meters and a width of 60 meters and a height of 4 meters between floors.

Research Located
The site is in the administration of Cigandamekar District, Kuningan District. Cigandamekar District is a subdistrict which is located in the northern part of the city center of Kuningan Regency. This subdistrict consists of eleven villages, namely Sangkanurip, Panawuan, Cibuntu, Babakanjati, Bunigeulis, Koreak, Sangkanmulya, Timbang, Karangmuncang, dapatra. The site, which is located on the East Ring Road, Cilimus Kuningan, is included in the Sangkanhurip village area. The site used is on the CilimusKuningan East Ring Road. The site is a very strategic vacant land to be used as a place for tourists to stop. The available land area is more than 10.000 m 2 .

Literature Method
The literature is a method that is carried out by collecting, study, and identify literature from books and internet, which is related to building planning.

Observation Method
Observation is data obtained from survey results directly to the location. With a direct survey, the conditions in the field can be seen so that an overview can be obtained that can be taken into consideration in the preparation of research.

Preliminary Design
which will then be calculated with the help of computer applications to obtain efficient and strong dimensions [5]. The standard reference in the preliminary design process in this study is SNI 2847-2019 as a reference for determining minimum dimensions and for working loads using SNI 1727-2020 reference. The preliminary design process produces dimensions that are considered efficient for building structures in research. The first preliminary design process is to determine the efficient dimension or thickness for the floor plate and roof plate structure, the reference for two-way plate dimensions in SNI 2847-2019 is in table 3.

Table 3. Minimum slab thickness based SNI 2847-2019
After the calculation process is carried out with reference to the table, the results of the efficient thickness for the two-way plate thickness are obtained. The next process is to determine the dimensions for the beams which refer to SNI 2847-2019 in table 5 for the dimensions of the beam height while for the width of the beams. The results of the preliminary design beam dimensions are the minimum height and width of the beam along with the planned height and width for each type of beam. So that the preliminary design for the column produces a minimum value and also the dimensional value used in planning.

Slab Reinforcement Analysis
In the process of analyzing the reinforcement of a two-way slab structure, each type of slab is planned for the diameter of the reinforcement required in the x and y directions, the distance between the reinforcement in the x and y directions, and also the required area which is also used in the x and y directions. So that all the data obtained from the analysis can be recapitulated into the following table.

Beam Reinforcement Analysis
In the process of analyzing the structural reinforcement of each beam type, it analyzes the need for longitudinal reinforcement in the pedestals and the field, the diameter of the longitudinal reinforcement, the minimum reinforcement area and the area of reinforcement used for longitudinal reinforcement, the transverse bone diameter, the distance of each transverse reinforcement in the pedestal and field sections, minimum reinforcement area and reinforcement area in transverse reinforcement. So that the resulting data can be recapitulated for each type as in the following tables.

Column Reinforcement Analysis
In the process of analyzing the reinforcement column structure of each type, it analyzes the need for longitudinal reinforcement, the diameter of the longitudinal reinforcement, the minimum reinforcement area and the reinforcement area used for longitudinal reinforcement, the transverse bone diameter, the distance between each transverse reinforcement, the minimum reinforcement area and the reinforcement area in the reinforcement. transverse. So that the resulting data can be recapitulated for each type as shown in the following table.

Fondation Structure Analysis
In the process of analyzing the foundation structure for each type, analyzing the dimensions of the pile cap, the need for pile caps, the diameter of the pile cap reinforcement, the area of reinforcement area required for pile caps in the x and y directions, the area of reinforcement used in the x and y direction pile caps, the distance between the piles, the distance between the piles pile to the edge of the pilecap and the diameter of the pile. So that the resulting data can be recapitulated for each type as shown in the following table.
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Budget Plan Analysis
The process of analyzing building structure cost planning is the process of analyzing the cost requirements for building structure planning in research, the costs analyzed at this stage are construction preparation costs such as mobilization of tools and materials and preparation of project areas, foundation structure costs, beam, column and structural costs. slab which the three elements take into account the costs for ironing, casting, and formwork costs. So that the cost required for the construction of this building structure is Rp. 26,712,000,000 and for the cost of the structure for each square meter is Rp. 4,345,716.85.